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2.1 Participation in PRS implementation (overall perspective): There is explicit commitment to stakeholder participation in policy interventions: "(B)eneficiaries of poverty-related projects and programs must be involved in any decision affecting them personally" (Republic of Senegal 2002: 53). But a tangible conceptualisation of its concrete scope is confined to local government representatives, who are systematically included into developing regional sector strategies, delivering services, and monitoring the process. Civil society is largely invisible yet, also due to slow progress in making the institutional framework to engage them work (IMF/IDA 2004: 2/9-10). 2.2 Participation in Policy Reforms linked to the PRS (specific perspective): Since the elaboration and execution of sector action strategies lies mainly with the sector ministries, and partly with regional governments, this means civil society only has an indirect way of influencing them. Other than that, neither the PRSP nor the Annual Progress Report make explicit statements. There is evidence that the President pursues strategies outside the PRS framework, focusing on infrastructure. These are not connected to the consultative/budget process (IMF/IDA 2004: 4; Entwistle et al. 2005: 142). 2.3 Participation in PRS Monitoring: Senegal's PRS proposes sufficient linkages between vertical stakeholders responsible for monitoring the different levels of implementation. There is however a strong focus on government representatives involved in these monitoring units, with lack of civil society represenation. Senegal's monitoring strategy furthermore lacks local instruments for monitoring/evaluation and is confined to the regional level (Wood 2004: 24). Already in 2002 the government has initiated the debate about a PRS monitoring observatory to be operated by the civil society, for there is no progress yet (Entwistle et al. 2005: 131/132). There are donor-activities to bridge this gap: At least one civil society organization has received external funding for independent monitoring. Due to tensions between executive and legislative, the national parliament has been short in using its constitutionally enshrined potential key role in budgeting, including public expenditure tracking (ibid.: 133). 2.4 Participation in PRS Revision: No
specific information available yet.
Senegal has a comparably favourable climate for stakeholder
participation. It has a plural, largely representative and legitmate political
system with high voter turnout and decent freedom of information. A constitutional
reform in 2001 introduced property rights for women for the first time
(Arieff 2005). Two major constraints limit the effectiveness and comrepehnsiveness
of the participatory process: First, political practice sidelines the
national parliament from assuming its planning and accountability functions,
especially regarding budgeting (Entwistle et al. 2005: 133). Second, political
actors (national parliament, local governments) and civil society actors
lack capacities (financial and human resources) to formulate and decide
upon policy alternatives, as well as to implement and monitor measures
laid out in the PRSP (Phillips 2002: 56/57; World Vision 2001: 21/22;
Entwistle et al. 2005: 127/128). In the context of an ambitious decentralization
programme planned in the PRSP it is noteworthy that local bodies are lacking
the required funds to fulfil their increasing responsibilities, due to
incoherent fiscal and political deconcentration.
4.1 Statistical data a. Developmental status
b. Indebteness Senegal entered the IMF/World Bank debt relief programme by reaching the enhanced HIPC decision point in June 2000. During this process debts of US$ 800 millions are to be cancelled. Part of this package comprise the cancellation of 50 % of the entire debt with the IMF (over a period of nine years), and 20 % of IDA debt (over a period of seven years). For further information see: African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD)
- Senegal country profille Jubilee Research - Senegal country profile World Bank: HIPC - Senegal case World Bank: Senegal Estimated Debt Service Payments c. Further statistical resources OECD (2005): African Economic Outlook 2004/05 - Senegal World Bank: Senegal Data & Statistics 4.2 Important documents a. Official PRS-related documents IMF/IDA (2004): Republic of Senegal. Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper - Annual Progress Report. Joint Staff Advisory Note. December 6. IMF/IDA (2002a): Senegal. Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.
Joint Staff Assessment. December 2. IMF/IDA (2002b): Senegal. Joint Staff Assessment of the
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Preparation Status Report. March 20. Republic of Senegal / Ministry of Economy and Finance (2004):
Progress Report on Implementation of the PRSP 2003. Summary. March. Republic of Senegal (2002): Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Republic of Senegal / Preparation of Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper (PRSP) Technical Committee (2002): Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(PRSP). Preparation Status Report. April 4. Republic of Senegal / Ministry of Economy, Finance and Planning
(2000): Interim Strategy Paper. Working Paper, May 8. For the most recent official PRSP documents see b. Major donor-related documents Senegal HIPC Completion Point Document (2004) Senegal HIPC Decision Point Document (2000) World Bank: Senegal Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) World Bank: Senegal Comprehensive Development Framework
(CDF) 4.3 Reports and analyses a. PRSP-related publications Bojö, Jan et al. (2004): Environment in Poverty Reduction
Strategies and Poverty Reduction Support Credits. World Bank, Environment
Department, Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 102, Washington
D.C., November. (includes data on Senegal) Bojö, Jan/Rama Chandra Reddy (2003): Status and Evolution
of Environmental Priorities in the Poverty Reduction Strategies. An Assessment
of Fifty Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. World Bank, Environment Department,
Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 93, Washington D.C., November.
(includes data on Senegal) Bonnel, René/Miriam Temin/Fith Tempest (2004): Poverty
Reduction Strategy Papers: Do They matter for Children and Young People
made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS? Results of a Joint UNICEF and World Bank
Review. World Bank, Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 78, Washington
D.C., December. (includes data on Senegal) Booth, David/Henry Lucas (2002): Good Practice in the Development
of PRSP Indicators and Monitoring Systems. Overseas Development Institute,
ODI Working Paper 172. July. (inlcudes data on Senegal) Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) (2001):
Civil Society, the Private Sector and the PRSP Approach. A Round Table
Facilitated by CIDA. Summary Report, Hull. (includes data on Senegal) Dembele, Demba M. (2003): Debt and destruction in Senegal.
A study of twenty years of IMF and World Bank policies. World Development
Movement, November. Diagne, Abdoulaye (2004): The Contribution of Research to
the Preparation of the Government of Senegal's Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper (PRSP), Overview paper, MIMAP Workshop and Africa-Canada Parliamentary
Strengthening Program, February 18-20, Dakar/Senegal. Diagne, Abdoulaye/Ibrahim Dia (2002): Le Processus du DSRP
au Sénégal. Learning Group on the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Papers, 18-21 November 2002, Brussels, Belgium, Economic Commission on
Africa. Eberlei, Walter/Heike Henn (2003): Parliaments in Sub-Saharan
Africa: actors in poverty reduction? GTZ, Eschborn, December. (includes
data on Senegal) Egulu, Lawrence (2004): Trade Union Participation in the
PRSP Process. World Bank, Social Protection Unit, Social Protection Discussion
Paper Series, Washington D.C., August. (includes Senegal case study) Entwistle, Janet et al. (eds.) (2005): An Operational Approach
for Assessing Country Ownership of Poverty Reduction Strategies, Vol.
II. Country Case Studies Bolivia, Ghana, Kyrgyz Republic, Senegal, Washington,
February. Fox, James W. (2004): The Treatment of the Private Sector
in African PRSPs and APRs. Report to the Bureau for Africa, USAID, Washington
D.C., November. (includes data on Senegal) Fox, James W. (2003): Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers:
Review of Private Sector Participation. USAID Development Information
Services (DIS), Washington D.C., October 31. (includes data on Senegal) Heidel, Klaus (2004): Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
- blind to the rights of the (working) child? The (I-)PRSPs' perception
of child labour. A problem outline and annotated collection of source
material. Kindernothilfe/Werkstatt Ökonomie, Duisburg/Heidelberg,
March. (includes data on Senegal) Hinchliffe, Keith (2004): Notes on the Impact of the HIPC
Initiative on Public Expenditure in Education and Health in African Countries.
World Bank, Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, Washington
D.C., June. (includes data on Senegal) Houghton, Irungu (2001): Up against the Wind: Recent ActionAid
experiences of engaging the Poverty Reduction Strategies and other IFI
lending policies. Presentation to the conference entitled "From Engagement
to Protest" organised by SAPRIN et al., April 19th, Washington DC.
(includes data on Senegal) IMF/IDA (2002c): Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper (PRSP) Approach: Early Experience with Interim PRSPs and Full PRSPs.
Prepared by the Staffs of the IMF and World Bank, Washington DC., March
26. (includes data on Senegal) International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2002): Disability
and Poverty Reduction Strategies. How to ensure that access of persons
with disabilities to decent and productive work is part of the PRSP process.
Discussion Paper, Geneva, November. Joint Donor PRSP Training (2003): Decentralization, Country
Ownership and Poverty Reduction in Senegal. A Case Study in the Political
Economy of PRSP implementation. Ki, Jean B. (2005): Croissance Économique, Pauvreté
et Inégalité au Sénégal. Résumé.
The North-South Instute. May. Laterveer, Leontien/Louis W. Niessen/Abdo S. Yazbeck (2003):
Pro-poor health policies in poverty reduction strategies, in: Health Policy
and Planning, Vol. 18(2), pp. 139-145. (includes data on Senegal) Lucas, Henry/David Evans/Katherine Pasteur (2004): Research
on the current state of PRS monitoring systems. Institute of Development
Studies (IDS), Discussion Paper 382, Brighton, December. (includes data
on Senegal) Mehta, Meera (2002): Water Supply and Sanitation in PRSP
Initiatives. A Desk Review of Emerging Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), Nairobi, January 18. (includes data
on Senegal) Mitlin, Diana (2004): Understanding Urban Poverty - What
the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers tell us. London. (includes data
on Senegal) OECD/DAC (2004): Role of Infrastructure in Economic Growth
and Poverty Reduction. Lessons Learned from PRSPs of 33 Countries. DAC
Network on Poverty Reduction, Berlin, October 27-29. (includes data on
Senegal) OECD/DAC (2003): Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) as of January 2003.
OECD, Global Forum on Knowledge Economy, Paris, 4-5 March. (includes data
on Senegal) Phillips, Wendy (2002): All For Naught? An Analysis of Senegal's
PRSP Process, in: Alan Whaites (ed): Masters of their own development?
PRSPs and the prospects for the poor, World Vision International, Monrovica,
CA, pp. 46-71. Steiner, Susan (2002): Strategien sind nur so gut wie ihre
Umsetzung. Eine Einschätzung der PRSP am Jahresende 2002. Institute
of African Affairs, Afrika im Blickpunkt, No. 4, Hamburg, December. (includes
data on Senegal) Tan, Jee-Peng/Agnes Soucat/Alain Mingat (2001): Enhancing
Human Development in the HIPC/PRSP Context. Progress in the Africa Region
during 2000. World Bank, Africa Region Human Development Working Paper
Series, Washington D.C., May. (includes data on Senegal) Thin, Neil/Mary Underwood/Jim Gilling (2001): Sub-Saharan
Africa's Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers from Social Policy and Sustainable
Livelihoods Perspectives. A report for the Department for International
Development, Oxford Development Management, Oxford, March. (includes data
on Senegal). Thorpe, Andy et al. (2004): African Poverty Reduction Strategy
Programmes and the Fisheries Sector: Currrent Situation and Opportunities,
in: African Development Review, Vol. 16(2), September, pp. 328-362. (includes
data on Senegal) Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) (2003a): Water Supply
and Sanitation in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: Developing a Benchmarking
Review and Exploring the Way Forward. October. (includes data on Senegal) Wood, Angela (2004): World Vision's experiences with the
PRSP porcess: Perspectives from Ethiopia, Senegal and Cambodia, in: World
Vision International (ed.): Rough Diamond: PRSPs and the 60th Anniversary
of the World Bank and IMF, pp. 20-24. World Bank (2005): Poverty Reduction Support Credits: A
Stocktaking. Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS), Washington
D.C., June 24. (includes data on Senegal) World Bank (2004a): Poverty Reduction Strategies: Their Importance for Disability. Disability and Development Team, Washington D.C., July 7. World Bank (2004b): A Review of Population, Reproductive
Health, and Adolescent Health & Development in Poverty Reduction Strategies.
Population and Reproductive Health Cluster/Health Nutrition and Population
Central Unit, Washington D.C., August. (includes data on Senegal) World Development Movement (2005): Democracy and the Poverty
Reduction Strategy process: Country cases. May. (includes short Senegal
case study). World Health Organization (2004): PRSPs: Their Significance
for Health: second synthesis report. Geneva. (includes data on Senegal) World Vision (2001): Submission to the Comprehensive Review
of the PRSP Approach. Policy and Advocacy Department. (includes data on
Senegal) Zuckerman, Elaine (2002): Evaluation of Gender Mainstreaming
in Advocacy Work on Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Synthesis
Report, Gender Action, May. (includes data on Senegal) b. Background reading Arieff, Alex (2005): Freedom…with limits. Senegal's
leaders promise new rights, while its law deny them. Committee to Protect
Journals (CPJ), June 3 Connolly, Eileen (2005): Women's representation in national
parliaments in Sub-Saharan Africa: an ideational framework for investigation.
Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University, Working Papers
in International Studies 2005/2. Freedom House (2003): Freedom of the World 2003. List of
Independent Countries. Mottin-Sylla, Marie-Hélène (2003): Participation
of Senegalese civil society in the formulation of ICT policies. Association
for Progressive Communications (APC). Republicue du Senegal/Ministere de la Femme, de l'Enfant et de la Famille: Decret des Organisation non Gouvernementales (ONG) / NGO Law UNDP Senegal (2003): MDG Progress Report UNDP Senegal (various years): National Human Development
Reports United Nations Economic Comission for Africa (UNECA) (2004):
Striving for Good Governance in Africa. Synopsis of the 2005 African Governance
Report. 4.4 Links to stakeholders involved Senegalese Ministry of Economy and Finance (offers a variety
of PRSP-related resources) Government of Senegal Chambre de Commerce, d'Industrie et d'Agriculture de Dakar Plateforme des ONG européennes au Sénégal Directory of some Senegalese NGOs Directory of Development Organizations (national / international) c. Donors / International actors Aid Harmonization & Alignment Iniatiative - Senegal
country profile Senegal Consultative Group (CG) Meeting International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Senegal country profile World Bank - Senegal country profile United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - Senegal country
office 4.5 General country information AllAfrica.com - Senegal news Development Gateway Freedom House - Senegal country profile The Eldis Gateway to development information provides a comprehensive and up-to-date country website that can be accessed at http://www.eldis.org/africa/index.htm A further comprehensive collection of web links can
be found at Stanford University: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/sene.html 4.6 General links that also provide country-specific information European Network on Debt and Development (Eurodad) International Monetary Fund (IMF) The World Bank Group Paris Club Source : www.prsp-watch.de (September 2005) © German Version: VENRO |
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