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2.1 Participation in PRS implementation (overall perspective): In the case of PRS implementation (2002-05), civil society actors played virtually no role, while donors hold tremendous power to influence. However, by all means the self-confident government asserts its authority. Consequently, implementation is a sole government-donor affair. The cooperation between government and civil society in the fight against HIV/Aids serves as one exception to the rule (Republic of Ghana / National Development Planning Commission 2004: 16). 2.2 Participation in Policy Reforms linked to the PRS (specific perspective): No specific information available. 2.3 Participation in PRS Monitoring: The National Intra-Agency Poverty Monitoring Groups (NIPMGs) constitute the central institutional network in PRS monitoring. They participate in the preparation of the APRs; and, at a later stage, comment on them. Whereas the government emphasizes that the institutional set-up is to ensure participation of all stakeholders, an all-embracing representation has not yet been achieved. Regarding this matter the government called for two meetings in August and October 2004, yet, they were met with little response: only 12 organizations participated. After all, the organizations appointed representatives for the NIPMGs, among them the association of trade unions TUC and the NGOs ActionAid, Care, and Center for Democratic Development. In fact, the weak participation is reflected in the preparation of the APRs; the meetings summoned by the government are seldom attended by NGOs. However, civil society laments the ill information policy on the side of the government and the ad-hoc character of the meetings. This criticism seems appropriate; nonetheless, civil society does not show a proactive attitude itself. If they were more interested, the many information deficits could be easily balanced-a view that is self-critically acknowledged by some NGO representatives. 2.4 Participation in PRS Revision: After
three years into implementation the review process started in September
2004 with the launch of thematic working groups. Admittedly though, the
government does not regard to it as being all-embracing; instead it is
simply labeled "update". Consequently, the government does not
assume for any changes to arise. CSOs are specifically invited to participate
in the thematic working groups.
3.1 Structures: As for participation of non-governmental actors in the PRS process, the monitoring groups and the thematic working groups are noteworthy. Both cases, however, are far from being signs of institutionalization. It was not until 2004 that the government seriously started to include civil society actors; and, to date-also on account of civil society itself-has not been extremely successful. For the future, the proceeding decentralization could become an important structure for participation. 3.2 Rights: Ghana's democratic constitution guarantees various fundamental human rights and freedoms. The basic rights as laid down in Article 21 and 37 are important regarding participation of citizens; the latter guarantees the right to participate and hence the essential right to establish organizations. Some provisions, e.g. those regulating decentralization, provide for further protection of participation. Another interesting expansion of fundamental freedoms could arise from the planned Freedom of Access to Information Law. Currently, the government works towards an NGO strategy under the headline of National Policy For Strategic Partnership with NGO's, which could become equally important for the legal basis of civil society participation. In the context of PRS processes the government's Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, which guarantees the right to civil society participation and sets out the task of the working groups, is noteworthy. 3.3 Legitimacy: As yet, the participating CSOs are mostly professional academic institutions or consulting firms, which draw their legitimacy solely from their capacity to solve social problems-it does not stem from broad membership. Thus, the gap between de facto participating actors and the poor population seems considerably. The fact that the poor are most often not represented by existing parliamentary or societal institutions is seen as problem in Ghana. 3.4 Capacity: Resources for CSO are altogether
insufficient: few full time staff, much too tight budget, limit access
to information, among other factors contribute to the limited capacity
to act. Accordingly, three nuances can be detected: Some international
NGOs residing in Accra as well as some academic institutions and consulting
firms dispose of comparatively good resources. Domestic NGOs and NGO networks,
on the other hand, most often lack secure footing and hence cannot work
continuously. The many smaller Ghanaian organizations rooted in local
communities, many who are deprived of resources, are extensively limited
in their capacity to participate in political processes such as the PRS.
4.1 Statistical data a. Developmental status
b. Indebteness In 1998 Ghana's external debt reached its peak of US$ 6.88 billion, leading to annual debt service payments of US$ 580 million. But after pressure on behalf of Japan, Ghana's premier donor, to stop further loans to HIPC countries it took three years for the government to decide to join the HIPC initiative. Another three years later, in 2004, Ghana reached the HIPC completion point, paving the way towards cancelling Ghana's multilateral debt, which makes up ¾ of 1998's debt. African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD)
- Ghana country profille Azeem, Vitus A. (undated): News Commentary on the the HIPC
Debt Savings. Jubilee Research - Ghana country profile World Bank: HIPC - Ghana Case World Bank: Ghana Estimated Debt Service Payments c. Further statistical resources OECD (2005): African Economic Outlook 2004/05 - Ghana World Bank: Ghana Data & Statistics 4.2 Important documents a. Official PRS-related documents IMF/IDA (2003): Ghana. Joint Staff Assessment of the Poverty
Reduction Strategy Paper. March 4. IMF/IDA (2002a): Ghana. Joint Staff Assessment of the PRSP
Preparation Status Report. February 4. Republic of Ghana / National Development Planning Commission
(2004): Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy 2003. Annual Progress Report.
March. Republic of Ghana (2003a): First Anual Progress Report 2002 [IMF and World Bank did not accept this document as official Progress Report]] Republic of Ghana (2003b): Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy
2003-2005. An Agenda for Growth and Prosperity. 2 Volumes, February 19. Republic of Ghana (2002): Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy.
Progess Report 2002. Republic of Ghana / Ministry of Finance (2000): Interim
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2000-2002. Accra, June. For the most recent official PRSP documents see b. Major donor-related documents Ghana HIPC Completion Point Document (June 2004) Ghana HIPC Decision Point Document (February 2002) IMF (2005): Article IV Consultation, Third Review Under
the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility. Washington D.C., August 15. World Bank (2004a): Second Poverty Reduction Support Credit
and Grant Project. June 7. World Bank (2002a): Ghana Strategic Country Gender Assessment. World Bank: Ghana Country Assistence Strategy (CAS) 4.3 Reports and analyses a. PRSP-related publications The Integrated Development Centre's (ISODEC) website offers a wealth of Ghana-related PRSP documents and information: http://www.isodec.org.gh/Papers/index.htm Abugre, Charles (2001a):PRSP Monitoring and Information
in Ghana. Integrated Social Development Center (ISODEC). Abugre, Charles (2001b): Actors, Participation and Ownership.
July. Abugre, Charles (undated): The CDS and Sector Wide Approaches
in the Context of the GPRS. Abugre, Charles/Killick, Tony (2001a): Poverty-reducing
Institutional Change and PRSP Processes: The Ghana Case. Draft for circulation,
July. Abugre, Charles/Tony Killick (2001a): Institutionalising
the PRSP approach in Ghaha. In: David Booth (ed.): PRSP Institutionalisation
Study: Final Report, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London. ActionAid International et al. (2005): Kept in the dark.
A briefing on parliamentary scrutiny of IMF and World Bank. April. (includes
short Ghana case study) ActionAid International et al. (2005): Kept in the dark.
A briefing on parliamentary scrutiny of IMF and World Bank. April. (includes
short Ghana case study) ActionAid International UK (2004): Money talks. How aid
conditions continue to drive utility privatisation in poor countries.
London, April (includes Ghana case study) Adubifa, O. Akin (2004): What is a Poverty Reduction Strategy
Without Science and Technology? A Review of Science and Technology and
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS), ATPS Special Paper Series No. 18, Nairobi.
(includes data on Ghana) Africa Budget Project/Idasa Budget Information Service (2002a):
Civil Society Budget Groups and their Participation in the PRSP Process.
Draft Synthesis Report, Researched For The International Budget Project/Center
on Budget and Policy Priorities, September. (includes data on Ghana) African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (undated): A Critical Analysis of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) Processes and Outcomes. The case of Ghana. Apusigah, Agnes A. (undated): Gender Mainstreaming the Ghana
Poverty Reduction Strategy or is it ? Baah, Anthony (2004): In doubt but on board - Ghana's unions
and the PRSP. In: International Labour Organization (ILO) (ed.): Trade
unions and poverty reduction strategies, Labour Education 2004/1-2 No.
134-135, pp. 45-50. Bojö, Jan et al. (2004): Environment in Poverty Reduction
Strategies and Poverty Reduction Support Credits. World Bank, Environment
Department, Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 102, Washington
D.C., November. (includes data on Ghana) Bojö, Jan/Rama Chandra Reddy (2003): Status and Evolution
of Environmental Priorities in the Poverty Reduction Strategies. An Assessment
of Fifty Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. World Bank, Environment Department,
Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 93, Washington D.C., November.
(includes data on Ghana) Bonnel, René/Miriam Temin/Fith Tempest (2004): Poverty
Reduction Strategy Papers: Do They matter for Children and Young People
made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS? Results of a Joint UNICEF and World Bank
Review. World Bank, Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 78, Washington
D.C., December. (includes data on Ghana) Booth, David/Henry Lucas (2002): Good Practice in the Development
of PRSP Indicators and Monitoring Systems. Overseas Development Institute,
ODI Working Paper 172. July. (inlcudes data on Ghana) Buckle, Gilbert (2003): Do PRSP's Deliver? Ghana Case Study.
Ghana Country Study Final Report. December. Bussolo, Maurizio/Jeffery I. Round (2003): Poverty Reduction
Strategies in a Budget-Constrained Economy: The Case of Ghana. OECD Development
Centre, Working Paper No. 220, Paris. Civil Society for Poverty Reduction (CSPR) (2003): Proceedings
of the International Forum for sharing of experiences on PRSP Monitoring
and Implementation - the involvement of civil society. Held in Lusaka
on the 23rd-24th June. (includes Ghana case study) Cheru, Fantu (2002): The PRSP Process in Ghana, Second Meeting
of the African Learning Group on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers,
18-22 November, Brussels, Belgium, Economic Commission for Africa. Coyle, Erin/Zaza Curran/Alison Evans (2003): PRS Monitoring
in Africa. PRSP Monitoring & Synthesis Project, Synthesis Note 7,
June. (includes data on Ghana) Dewachter, Sara (2005): The Participation Conditionality
under Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: The Joint Staff Assessment -experience.
University of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy and Management,
IDPM-UA discussion paper 2005-6, April. (includes data on Ghana) DFID Health Systems Resource Centre (2003): A Review of
the Human Resource Content of PRSP and HIPC documentation in 6 selected
African Countries. London, August. (includes data on Ghana) Eberlei, Walter/Heike Henn (2003): Parliaments in Sub-Saharan
Africa: actors in poverty reduction? GTZ, Eschborn, December. (includes
data on Ghana) Eberlei, Walter/Thomas Siebold (2002): Armutsbekämpfung
in Afrika: neue Ansätze oder alte Konzepte? Institute for Development
and Peace, INEF-Report 64, Duisburg. (includes Ghana case study) Egulu, Lawrence (2004): Trade Union Participation in the
PRSP Process. World Bank, Social Protection Unit, Social Protection Discussion
Paper Series, Washington D.C., August. (includes Ghana case study) Entwistle, Janet et al. (eds.): An Operational Approach
for Assessing Country Ownership of Poverty Reduction Strategies, Vol.
II. Country Case Studies Bolivia, Ghana, Kyrgyz Republic, Senegal, Washington,
February. Farrant, Macha/Jeremy Clarke (2002): PRSPs in Decentralised
Government Systems. Report untertaken for DFID, Draft. (includes data
on Ghana) Foster, Mick et al. (2002): How, When and Why Does Poverty
Get Budget Priority? Poverty Reduction Strategy and Public Expenditure
Reform in Five African Countries. Synthesis Paper, Overseas Development
Institute (ODI), Working Paper 168, London, May. (based on Ghana case
study) Foster, Mick/Sadie Mackintosh-Walker (2001): Sector Wide
Programmes and Poverty Reduction. Overseas Development Institute (ODI),
Centre for Aid and Public Expenditure, Working Paper 157, London. (includes
Ghana case study) Foster, Mick/Douglas Zormelo (2002): How, When and Why does
Poverty get Budget Priority? Poverty Reduction Strategy and Public Expenditure
in Ghana. Overseas Development Institute (ODI), Working Paper 164, London,
April. Fox, James W. (2004): The Treatment of the Private Sector
in African PRSPs and APRs. Report to the Bureau for Africa, USAID, Washington
D.C., November. (includes data on Ghana) Gariba, Sulley/Mohammed Abdul-Nashiru (2002): Report of
Strategies and Actions on: Participatory Approaches to Monitoring and
Public Expenditure Management for Poverty Reduction in Ghana. May 8-10
2002, Swedru, Ghana; June. Ghana HIPC Watch (undated): A Manual for Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation of HIPC Projects. Final Draft. GTZ (2005): Making Poverty Reduction Strategies Work -Good
Practices, Issues, and Stakeholder Views-A Contribution of German Development
Cooperation for the 2005 PRSP Review May 2005. Eschborn, May. (includes
Ghana Good Practice sheet) Heidel, Klaus (2004): Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
- blind to the rights of the (working) child? The (I-)PRSPs' perception
of child labour. A problem outline and annotated collection of source
material. Kindernothilfe/Werkstatt Ökonomie, Duisburg/Heidelberg,
March. (includes data on Ghana) Heintz, James (2004): Elements of an Employment Framework
For Poverty Reduction in Ghana. Report of a joint ILO/UNDP mission. Hinchliffe, Keith (2004): Notes on the Impact of the HIPC
Initiative on Public Expenditure in Education and Health in African Countries.
World Bank, Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, Washington
D.C., June. (includes data on Ghana) Holmes, Malcom/Alison Evans (2003): A Review of Experience
in Implementing Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks in a PRSP Context:
A Synthesis of Eight Country Studies. Overseas Development Institute (ODI),
London, November. (based on Ghana case study) Holvoet, Nathalie/Robrecht Renard (2005): Putting the new
aid paradigm to work: challenges for monitoring and evaluation. University
of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy and Management, IDPM-UA discussion
paper 2005-2, January. (includes data on Ghana) Houghton, Irungu (2001): Up against the Wind: Recent ActionAid
experiences of engaging the Poverty Reduction Strategies and other IFI
lending policies. Presentation to the conference entitled "From Engagement
to Protest" organised by SAPRIN et al., April 19th, Washington DC.
(includes data on Ghana) IMF/IDA (2002b): Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper (PRSP) Approach: Early Experience with Interim PRSPs and Full PRSPs.
Prepared by the Staffs of the IMF and World Bank, Washington DC., March
26. (includes data on Ghana) Integrated Social Development Center (ISODEC) (2003): The
Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS). ISODEC's Position Paper. October. International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2002): Disability
and Poverty Reduction Strategies. How to ensure that access of persons
with disabilities to decent and productive work is part of the PRSP process.
Discussion Paper, Geneva, November. Joint Donor PRSP Training (undated): Case study: Ghana -
Fiduciary risk and its mitigation by donors. Kamara, Siapha/Harriet Yeboah (2005): Bringing the poor into advocacy: a look at Ghana HIPC Watch. In: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) (ed.): Civil society and poverty reduction, Participatory Learning and Action 51, London, pp. 32-38. Killick, Tony (2002): The 'Streamlining' of IMF Conditionality:
Aspirations, Reality and Repercussions. A report for the Department for
International Development (DFID), Overseas Development Institute (ODI),
London, April. (based on Ghana case study) Langdon, Steve/Rasheed Draman (2005): PRSPs in Africa: Parliaments
and Economic Policy Performance. GTZ, Eschborn, February. (includes data
on Ghana) Laterveer, Leontien/Louis W. Niessen/Abdo S. Yazbeck (2003):
Pro-poor health policies in poverty reduction strategies, in: Health Policy
and Planning, Vol. 18(2), pp. 139-145. (includes data on Ghana) Lucas, Henry/David Evans/Katherine Pasteur (2004): Research
on the current state of PRS monitoring systems. Institute of Development
Studies (IDS), Discussion Paper 382, Brighton, December. (includes data
on Ghana) Marcus, Rachel/John Wilkinson (2002): Whose Poverty Matters?
Vulnerability, Social Protection and PRSPs. Childhood Poverty Research
and Policy Centre (CHIP), Working Paper No. 1. (includes data on Ghana) McGee, Rosemary et al. (2002): Assessing Participation in
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: A Desk-Based Synthesis of Experience
in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Research
Report 52, Brighton, October. (includes Ghana case study) Mehta, Meera (2002): Water Supply and Sanitation in PRSP
Initiatives. A Desk Review of Emerging Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), Nairobi, January 18. (includes data
on Ghana) Mitlin, Diana (2004): Understanding Urban Poverty - What
the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers tell us. London. (includes data
on Ghana) Morazán, Pedro/Irene Knoke (2005): PRSP is about
People. Experiences and reflections with partner organisations in five
African countries: Cameroon, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania. Institute
Südwind, May. Mozammel, Masud/Odugbemi, Sina (eds.) (2005): With the support
of multitudes, Washington (World Bank), London (DFID). (includes Ghana
case study) Mulikita, Njunga Michael (ed.) (2002): Report of the International
Conference on Poverty Reduction in Africa - A New Imposed Conditionality
or a Chance for a Meaningful Development Policy. 17th to 18th June, Intercontinental
Hotel, Lusaka, Zambia. (includes Ghana case study) Mwamadzingo, Mohammed (2004): African PRSPs - unions dialogue
with World Bank and IMF, in: International Labour Organization (ILO) (ed.):
Trade unions and poverty reduction strategies, Labour Education 2004/1-2
No. 134-135, pp. 17-23. (includes short Ghana case study) Oduro, Kojo N. (2003): Results-Oriented Public Expenditure
Management. Case Study of Ghana. Overseas Development Institute (ODI),
Working Paper 208, London, June. OECD/DAC (2004): Role of Infrastructure in Economic Growth
and Poverty Reduction. Lessons Learned from PRSPs of 33 Countries. DAC
Network on Poverty Reduction, Berlin, October 27-29. (includes data on
Ghana) Osei, Robert/Peter Quartey (2001): The HIPC Initiative and
Poverty Reduction in Ghana. An Assessment. World Institute for Development
Economics Research (WIDER), Discussion Paper No. 2001/119, November. Overseas Development Institute (ODI) (2005): Linking Policies
and Budgets: Implementing Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks in a PRSP
Context. Overseas Development Institute, ODI Briefing Paper, London, June.
(includes data on Ghana) Oxfam International (2004): From 'Donorship' to Ownership?
Moving Towards PRSP Round Two. Oxfam Briefing Paper 51, January. (includes
Ghana case study) Rodenberg, Birte (2004): Gender and Poverty Reduction. New
Conceptual Approaches in International Development Cooperation. German
Development Institute (GDI), Reports and Working Papers No. 4/2004, Bonn,
January. (includes Ghana case study) Rodenberg, Birte (2003a): Integrating Gender into National
Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSPs): The Example of Ghana. GTZ, Gender
Sector Advisory Project, Eschborn, March. Rodenberg, Birte (2003b): Wie ein PRSP entsteht - Beispiel
Ghana. In: Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit (E+Z), Vol. 44 (6). SGTS & Associates (2000a): Civil Society Participation
in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Report to DfID. Vol I: Overview
and Recommendations. October. (based on Ghana case study) SGTS & Associates (2000b): Civil Society Participation
in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP). Report to DfID, Vol II: Ghana
Case Study. Accra, May. Short, John (2003): Country Case Study 4: Assessment of
the MTEF in Ghana. Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London, May. Stites, Elizabeth (2003): Extractive Industries and Poverty
Reduction Strategy Papers. Commissioned by Oxfam America and Catholic
Relief Services. April 30. (includes Ghana case study) Tan, Jee-Peng/Agnes Soucat/Alain Mingat (2001): Enhancing
Human Development in the HIPC/PRSP Context. Progress in the Africa Region
during 2000. World Bank, Africa Region Human Development Working Paper
Series, Washington D.C., May. (includes data on Ghana) Thin, Neil/Mary Underwood/Jim Gilling (2001): Sub-Saharan
Africa's Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers from Social Policy and Sustainable
Livelihoods Perspectives. A report for the Department for International
Development, Oxford Development Management, Oxford, March. (includes data
on Ghana). Thorpe, Andy et al. (2004): African Poverty Reduction Strategy
Programmes and the Fisheries Sector: Currrent Situation and Opportunities,
in: African Development Review, Vol. 16(2), September, pp. 328-362. (includes
data on Ghana) Wemos/Medact (2004): Pushing the boundaries: health and
the next round of PRSPs. June. (includes data/case study on Ghana) World Bank (2005): Poverty Reduction Support Credits: A
Stocktaking. Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS), Washington
D.C., June 24. (includes data on Ghana) World Bank (2004b): Poverty Reduction Strategies: Their Importance for Disability. Disability and Development Team, Washington D.C., July 7. World Bank (2003): Evaluation of the Comprehensive Development
Framework (CDF). Ghana Case Study. Operations Evaluation Department (OED). World Bank (2002b): Aligning Assistance for Development
Effectiveness. Promising Country Experience. Comprehensive Development
Framework Secretariat/Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS), Washington
D.C., February. (includes short Ghana case study) World Bank (undated): Action Learning Program on Participatory
Processes for Poverty Reduction Strategies. Ghana Process Case Study.
Participation and Civic Engagement Group, Washington D.C. World Development Movement (2005): Democracy and the Poverty
Reduction Strategy process: Country cases. May. (includes short Ghana
case study). b. Background reading Connolly, Eileen (2005): Women's representation in national
parliaments in Sub-Saharan Africa: an ideational framework for investigation.
Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University, Working Papers
in International Studies 2005/2. McKay, Andrew/Ernest Aryeetey (2004): Operationalising Pro-Poor
Growth. A Country Case Study on Ghana. October. Mackay, Keith/Sulley Gariba (2000): The Role of Civil Society
in Assessing Public Sector Performance in Ghana. Proceedings of a Workshop.
World Bank, Operations Evaluation Department (OED), Washington D.C. Tsikata, Yvonne M. (2001): Owning Economic Reforms. A Comparative
Study of Ghana and Tanzania. World Institute for Development Economics
Research, WIDER Discussion Paper No. 2001/53, August. Whitehead, Ann/Matthew Lockwood (1999): Gender in the World
Bank's Poverty Assessments: Six Case Studies from Sub-Saharan Africa.
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Discussion
Paper No. 99, Geneva, June. (includes Ghana case study) 4.4 Links to stakeholders involved Ghana HIPC Watch Integrated Social Development Centre (ISODEC) Government of the Republic of Ghana b. Civil society Ghana Association of Private Voluntary Organizations in
Development (GAPVOD) (NGO umbrella organisation) Ghana Center for Democratic Development (CDG) Integrated Social Development Centre (ISODEC) Social Enterprise Development (SEND) Foundation Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International
Network (SAPRIN-Ghana) The Ark Foundation/Centre for Women's Leadership & Empowerment Directory of Development Organizations (national / international) c. Donors / International actors Aid Harmonization & Alignment Iniatiative - Ghana country
profile International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Ghana country profile World Bank - Ghana country profile United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - Ghana country
office 4.5 General country information Ghana Review International (News agency) Daily Graphik (daily newspaper) AllAfrica.com - Ghana news Development Gateway Freedom House - Ghana country profile The Eldis Gateway to development information provides a comprehensive and up-to-date country website that can be accessed at http://www.eldis.org/africa/index.htm A further comprehensive collection of web links can be found at Stanford University: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/ghana.html 4.6 General links that also provide country-specific information European Network on Debt and Development (Eurodad) International Monetary Fund (IMF) The World Bank Group Paris Club
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