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2.1 Participation in PRS implementation (overall perspective): NGOs indirectly participate in some areas of SDPRP implementation by means of their services such AIDS care, population control, emergency assistance, food supply. However, they hardly have a stake in policy-making regarding implementation of the strategy; a study carried out by CRDA (2004: 3 and 22-23) pinpoints this regarding health policy. The study concludes that not only government, but also the insufficient organization of NGOs account for it. Wood (2004: 20-21) laments: "Instead of seeing the NGO community as a valuable asset to help implement a successful PRSP, NGO engagement was limited to merely commenting on the draft Annual Progress Report of the PRSP issued by the government in October 2003." 2.2 Participation in policy reforms linked to the PRS (specific perspective): No information available yet. 2.3 Participation in PRS monitoring: As the governments' progress report reveals precious little on progress made regarding indicators, IMF/IDA (2004) conclude that the functioning of the M&E system is supposedly not as strong as was desired. With the help of the World Bank the government has developed a SDPRP M&E Action Plan; government is taking steps to develop a country level M&E system. But there is no framework that allows active engagement of CS in these initiatives and processes. PANE has formed an independent M&E Working Group, which is responsible for social audits of government funds. Moreover, it developed a framework (Wood 2004: 23) to facilitate:
"However", as Wood (2004: 23) states, "despite these efforts, any attempt by civil society to audit the implementation of the PRSP or evaluate the government's own M&E process and results is limited by the lack of adequate information and data regarding the PRSP, its policies and indicators. Whilst on paper it is a fully monitored PRSP, in reality there is little that civil society can comment on due to a lack of transparency." 2.4 Participation in PRS revision: To
ensure ownership and successful implementation, PANE has already called
for active involvement of CS groups in the drafting of SDPRP II. In order
to allow for meaningful contributions of CSOs, the consultation period-so
far running until June 2006-should be extended; furthermore, an Interim-SDPRP
should be launched. (The Ethiopian Civil Society Organizations 2005: 5-6)
To date, the government's reaction to these proposals is unknown.
3.1 Structures: Whereas CS independently created organized structures that allow for participation in the PRS process, on part of the government institutionalized mechanisms that would provide a sustainable basis fort the participation of all societal groups still do not exist. Participation is still limited to ad hoc consultations. Thus, in their statement on the APR NGOs demand "the formation of a permanent structure and regular meetings with the relevant government agencies and donor partners involved in SDPRP implementation. In particular, PANE calls for the government to arrange its formal representation in existing Welfare Monitoring System structures as well as in policy studies and initiatives." (The Ethiopian Civil Society Organizations 2005: 2) 3.2 Rights: While the subsidiary structures of political participation are constitutionally guaranteed, this hardly corresponds with political reality. The state continues to act centralistic and authoritarian. Therefore, NGOs demand a legal basis that acknowledges and ensures their work. 3.3 Legitimacy: Networks such as CRDA and PANE dispose of a relatively broad-based membership; however, major parts of the population are not represented in the PRS process. In Ethiopia's patriarchically organized society, those not represented are women and ethnic minorities. It is not always obvious who is associated with an NGO; the EPRDF (ruling party), for instance, is suspected to having established regional NGOs to consolidate power and influence. (Vaughan/Tronvoll 2003: 20) CS groups, too, question the selection criteria for the participants in "wereda" (district) consultations. (Geda/Weeks 2003: 60) 3.4 Capacity: Capacity constraints, both
on governmental and non-governmental side, are one reason for unsatisfactory
participation during implementation. Moreover, scarce funds-almost exclusively
from international sources-limit NGOs' capacity and, thus, hamper effective
participation in political process.
4.1 Statistical data a. Developmental status
b. Indebteness African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD)
- Ethiopia country profille Jubilee USA Network - Ethiopia country profile Jubilee Plus - Ethiopia country profile Paris Club - Ethiopia debt treatments World Bank: HIPC - Ethiopia Case World Bank: Estimated Debt Service Payments c. Further statistical resources United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (2003): Poverty
Mapping for Selected African Countries. OECD (2005): African Economic Outlook 2004/05 - Ethiopia World Bank: Ethiopia Data & Statistics World Bank: Ethiopia Summary Gender Profile 4.2 Important documents a. Official PRS-related documents IMF/IDA (2004): Ethiopia. Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
Annual Progress Report. Joint Staff Assessment. January 16. IMF/IDA (2002a): Ethiopia. Joint Staff Assessment of the
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. August 27. IMF/IDA (2001): Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Joint Staff Assessment. January
25. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethopia / Ministry of
Finance and Economic Development (MOFED) (2003): Ethiopia: Sustainable
Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP). Annual Progress Report.
Addis Ababa, November. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia / Ministry of
Finance and Economic Development (MOFED) (2002): Ethiopia: Sustainable
Development and Poverty Reduction Program. Addis Ababa, July. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2000): Ethiopia
Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2000/02-2002/03. Addis Ababa,
November. For the most recent official PRSP documents see http://web.worldbank.org/...,00.html b. Major donor-related documents Ethiopia HIPC Decision Point Document (October 2001) European Commission: Ethiopia Country Strategy Paper 2002-2007 IMF (2005): Sixth Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement
Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility. January 31. Worku, Shimeles (2002): Pooling of Technical Assistance
in the context of Sector-Wide Approaches (SWAps). Ethiopian Case Study).
September. World Bank: Ethiopia Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) World Bank (2002a): Ethiopia - Capacity Building for Decentralized
Service Delivery Project. Project Appraisal Document. Washington D.C.,
June 27 For further donor-related strategy documents see http://www.countryanalyticwork.net 4.3 Reports and analyses a. PRSP-related publications Adubifa, O. Akin (2004): What is a Poverty Reduction Strategy
Without Science and Technology? A Review of Science and Technology and
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS), ATPS Special Paper Series No. 18, Nairobi.
(includes data on Ethiopia) Ambatchew, Michael Daniel (2001): Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper. Awareness Raising Workshop Report, Ghion Hotel, Christian Relief
and Development Association (CRDA), June. Anonymous (2002): Shaping Ethiopia's future in the 21st
Century. Non-governmental organizations Perspective on Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, March. Ayenew, Meheret (ed.) (2002): Government, Donors and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia. Forum for Social Studies (FSS), Consultation Papers on Poverty, February. Ayenew, Meheret (ed.) (2001a): The Private Sector and Poverty Reduction. Forum for Social Studies (FSS), Consultation Papers on Poverty, November. Ayenew, Meheret (ed.) (2001b): Civil Society Groups and Poverty Reduction. Forum for Social Studies (FSS), Consultation Papers on Poverty, August. Ayenew, Meheret (ed.) (2001c): NGOs and Poverty Reduction. Forum on Social Studies (FSS), Consultation Papers on Poverty, July. Belay, Million (2002): Some Comments on the Environment and the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP), MEDREK, Vol. 4(1), February. Belshaw, Deryke/Erin Coyle (2001): Poverty Reduction in
Ethiopia and the Role of NGOs: Qualitative Studies of Selected Projects.
Report of a Consultancy Assignment carried out on behalf of the Christian
Relief and Development Association, Overseas Development Institute (ODI),
November. Bekele, Eshetu (2001): Some Comments on the Food Security Aspects of the Interin Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP), MEDREK, Vol. 3(4), November. Bijlmakers, Leon (2003): Process and Impact of the PRSP
in Ethiopia. A case study commissioned by Wemos, March. Blench, Roger/Robert Chapman/Tony Slayman (2003): A Study
of the Role of Livestock in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. Food and
Agriculture Organziation (FAO), Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative,
PPLPI Working Paper No. 1, Rome, May 26. (includes Ethiopia case study) Bojö, Jan et al. (2004): Environment in Poverty Reduction
Strategies and Poverty Reduction Support Credits. World Bank, Environment
Department, Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 102, Washington
D.C., November. (includes data on Ethiopia) Bojö, Jan/Rama Chandra Reddy (2003): Status and Evolution
of Environmental Priorities in the Poverty Reduction Strategies. An Assessment
of Fifty Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. World Bank, Environment Department,
Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 93, Washington D.C., November.
(includes data on Ethiopia) Bonnel, René/Miriam Temin/Fith Tempest (2004): Poverty
Reduction Strategy Papers: Do They matter for Children and Young People
made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS? Results of a Joint UNICEF and World Bank
Review. World Bank, Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 78, Washington
D.C., December. (includes data on Ethiopia) Booth, David/Henry Lucas (2002): Good Practice in the Development
of PRSP Indicators and Monitoring Systems. Overseas Development Institute,
ODI Working Paper 172. July. (inlcudes data on Ethiopia) Buckley, Graeme J. (2004): Decent work in a least developed
country: A critical assessment of the Ethiopia PRSP. International Labour
Office, Policy Integration Department, National Policy Group, Working
Paper No. 42, Geneva, July. Buckley, Graeme J./Giuseppe Casale/Tayo Fashoyin (2004):
Tripartism and Decent Work in Poverty Reduction Strategies in Ethiopia.
International Labour Office, Geneva, June. Christian Relief and Development Association (CRDA) (2004):
The participation of NGOs/CSOs in the Health Sector Development Program
of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa Christian Relief and Development Association (CRDA) (2003): M&E Framework for NGOs Engagement in Monitoring of the Ethiopian SDPRP. Draft, Addis Ababa, July. Coyle, Erin/Zaza Curran/Alison Evans (2003): PRS Monitoring
in Africa. PRSP Monitoring & Synthesis Project, Synthesis Note 7,
June. (includes data on Ethiopia) Development Assistance Group (DAG) (2002): Key Elements
of a Strategic Framework for DAG Support to Civil Society Engagement in
the SDPRP. Addis Ababa, October. Dewachter, Sara (2005): The Participation Conditionality
under Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: The Joint Staff Assessment -experience.
University of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy and Management,
IDPM-UA discussion paper 2005-6, April. (includes data on Ethiopia) Driscoll, Ruth/Alison Evans (2005): Second-Generation Poverty Reduction Strategies: New Opportunities and Emerging Issues, in: Development Policy Review, Vol. 23(1), pp. 5-25. Driscoll, Ruth/Karin Christiansen/David Booth (2005): Progress
reviews and performance assessment in poverty-reduction strategies and
budget support. A survey of current thinking and practice. Report submitted
to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Overseas Development
Institute, London, May. (includes case study on Ethiopia) Eberlei, Walter/Woldehanna, Tassew (ed.) (2004): Pro-Poor Budgeting and The Role of Parliament in the Implementation of PRSP in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa. Eberlei, Walter/Heike Henn (2003): Parliaments in Sub-Saharan
Africa: actors in poverty reduction? GTZ, Eschborn, December. (includes
data on Ethiopia) Egulu, Lawrence (2004): Trade Union Participation in the
PRSP Process. World Bank, Social Protection Unit, Social Protection Discussion
Paper Series, Washington D.C., August. (includes Ethiopia case study) European Commission / SPA Task Team on Contractual Relationships
and Selectivity (2001): Comparative review of I-PRSP Targets and conditionalities
for HIPC Completion Point. Brussels. 4 May. (includes Ethiopia case study) Farrant, Macha/Jeremy Clarke (2002): PRSPs in Decentralised
Government Systems. Report untertaken for DFID, Draft. (includes data
on Ethiopia) Forum on Social Studies (FSS) (undated): Consolidated Report
on FSS' Program of Public Debates, Consultations and Research on Poverty
and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia. Fox, James W. (2004): The Treatment of the Private Sector
in African PRSPs and APRs. Report to the Bureau for Africa, USAID, Washington
D.C., November. (includes data on Ethiopa) Fox, James W. (2003): Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers:
Review of Private Sector Participation. USAID Development Information
Services (DIS), Washington D.C., October 31. (includes data on Ethiopia) Gabriel, Abebe H. (2002): The PRSP Process in Ethiopia.
Economic Commission for Africa, Second Meeting of the African Learning
Group on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, 18-21 November, Brussels. Geda, Alemayehu (2001): Ethiopia's Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP): Some Preliminary Observations on the Macroeconomic Issues, MEDREK, Vol. 2(4), March. Geda, Alemayehu/John Weeks (2003): Ethiopia Country Report,
in: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Evaluation Office (ed.):
Evaluation of UNDP's Role in the PRSP Process. Volume II. Country Reports.
New York, September, pp. 51-72. Hartmanshenn, Thomas et al. (2002): Integration of Food
and Nutrition Security in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). A
Case Study of Ethiopia, Mozambique, Rwanda and Uganda. Centre for Advanced
Training in Rural Development (SLE), SLE Studies, Berlin. Hewitt, Adrian/Ian Gillson (2003): Review of the Trade and
Poverty Content in PRSPs and Loan-Related Documents. Report commissioned
by Christian Aid, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London. (includes
Ethiopia case study) High-Level Forum on the Health MDGs (2004): MDG-Orientated
Sector and Poverty Reduction Strategies: Lessons from Experience in Health.
Abuja, December. (includes data on Ethiopia) Holvoet, Nathalie/Robrecht Renard (2005): Putting the new
aid paradigm to work: challenges for monitoring and evaluation. University
of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy and Management, IDPM-UA discussion
paper 2005-2, January. (includes data on Ethiopia) Horn of Africa NGO Network for Development (HANND) (undated):
PRSP and Civic Engagement in the Horn of Africa. HANND Issue Paper. (includes
data on Ethiopia) Houghton, Irungu (2001): Up against the Wind: Recent ActionAid
experiences of engaging the Poverty Reduction Strategies and other IFI
lending policies. Presentation to the conference entitled "From Engagement
to Protest" organised by SAPRIN et al., April 19th, Washington DC.
(includes data on Ethiopia) Hinchliffe, Keith (2004): Notes on the Impact of the HIPC
Initiative on Public Expenditure in Education and Health in African Countries.
World Bank, Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, Washington
D.C., June. (includes data on Ethiopia) IMF/IDA (2002b): Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper (PRSP) Approach: Early Experience with Interim PRSPs and Full PRSPs.
Prepared by the Staffs of the IMF and World Bank, Washington DC., March
26. (includes data on Ethiopia) InterAfrica Group (2002a): Civic Engagement in Key Policy
Processes: UNDP and the PRSP. An Examination of Seven Countries in Central
and Eastern Africa. UNDP-Central and Eastern Africa Sub-Regional Resource
Facility (CEA-SURF) Report, May. (includes Ethiopia case study) InterAfrica Group (2002b): Civil Society Monitoring and
Evaluation of the Ethiopian PRSP. Issues and Options. Advocy Note No.
7 International Labour Office/International Cooperative Alliance
(2003): The Role of Cooperatives in Designing and Implementing Poverty
Reduction Strategies. Report on a Regional Workshop held in Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania, 4-6 June 2003. (includes short Ethiopia case study) International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2002): Disability
and Poverty Reduction Strategies. How to ensure that access of persons
with disabilities to decent and productive work is part of the PRSP process.
Discussion Paper, Geneva, November. Longo, Roberto (2002): An IFAD Desk Review of the Poverty
Reduction Strategy Paper Process in Eastern and Southern Africa. Draft,
December. (includes data on Ethiopia) Lopes, Ana Paula F. (2000): Poverty Reduction Strategies
in Conflict-affected Countries: Constraints and Opportunities. World Bank,
Africa Region/Focal Point on Conflict. (includes data on Ethiopia) Lucas, Henry/David Evans/Katherine Pasteur (2004): Research
on the current state of PRS monitoring systems. Institute of Development
Studies (IDS), Discussion Paper 382, Brighton, December. (includes data
on Ethiopia) Marcus, Rachel/John Wilkinson (2002): Whose Poverty Matters?
Vulnerability, Social Protection and PRSPs. Childhood Poverty Research
and Policy Centre (CHIP), Working Paper No. 1. (includes data on Ethiopia) Mehta, Meera (2002): Water Supply and Sanitation in PRSP
Initiatives. A Desk Review of Emerging Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), Nairobi, January 18. (includes data
on Ethiopia) Mitlin, Diana (2004): Understanding Urban Poverty - What
the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers tell us. London. (includes data
on Ethiopia) Morazán, Pedro/Irene Knoke (2005): PRSP is about
People. Experiences and reflections with partner organisations in five
African countries: Cameroon, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania. Institute
Südwind, May. Mwuonge, Joe/Beyene Geleta/Simon Heliso (2002): Working
Towards an Ethiopian PRSP, in: Alan Whaites (ed.): Masters of their own
development? PRSPs and the Prospects for the Poor, World Vision International,
pp. 72-87. OECD/DAC (2003): Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) as of January 2003.
OECD, Global Forum on Knowledge Economy, Paris, 4-5 March. (includes data
on Ethiopia) Panos Institute (2002): Reducing Poverty. Is the World Bank's
strategy working? London. (includes Ethiopia case study) Rahmato, Dessalegn (2001): Some Comments on the Ethiopian Government's Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP), MEDREK, Vol. 3(1), April. Seyoum, Senait (2001): Is Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI) a Poverty Reduction Strategy?, MEDREK, Vol 3(3), September. Sasaoka, Yuichi (2005): Institution Building for Poverty
Reduction and Local Governance: The Cases of Tanzania, Ethiopia and Kenya.
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, GRIPS Development Forum,
Discussion Paper No. 13, April. Steiner, Susan (2002): Strategien sind nur so gut wie ihre
Umsetzung. Eine Einschätzung der PRSP am Jahresende 2002. Institute
of African Affairs, Afrika im Blickpunkt, No. 4, Hamburg, December. (includes
data on Ethiopia) Strintoz, Maria (2001): Synopsis of CDRA Working Groups
- Comments on the I-PRSP, in: The Christian Relief and Development Association:
Workshop proceedng on PRSP - The Role and Contribution of Civil Society,
April 2001, Sundstøl, Frik (ed.) (2004): Participatory Learning
Processes in Agricultural Higher Education. Case studies from Ethiopia,
Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda. Full Report, Noragric/Agricultural University
of Norway, Noragric Report No. 21a, June. Tadesse, Zenebework/Eshetu Bekele/Konjit Fekade (2002): Poverty, Women and the Informal Sector, MEDREK, Vol. 4(1), February. The Ethiopian Civil Society Organizations (2005): Recommendations
to the Second Annual Progress Report (APR) (2003/2004) of the Sustainable
Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP). UNECA, Addis Ababa,
14-15 February. Thorpe, Andy et al. (2004): African Poverty Reduction Strategy
Programmes and the Fisheries Sector: Currrent Situation and Opportunities,
in: African Development Review, Vol. 16(2), September, pp. 328-362. (includes
data on Ethiopia) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2005): Linking
the National Poverty Reduction Strategy to the MDGs: a case study of Ethiopia.
May. UNDP Ethiopia/DAG Common Group for the PRSP (undated): DAG
Common Framework of Support for the SDPRP Monitoring and Evaluation System.
Draft Summary Guideline Note. Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) (2003): Water Supply
and Sanitation in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: Developing a Benchmarking
Review and Exploring the Way Forward. October. (includes data on Ethiopia) Water and Sanitation Project (WSP) (2002): Water Supply
and Sanitation Inputs for Ethiopia Full PRSP. Background Report for the
Ministry of Water Resources, Sector Finance Working Papers No. 2 Wemos/Medact (2004): Pushing the boundaries: health and
the next round of PRSPs. June. (includes data/case study on Ethiopia) Woldehanna, Tassew (2004): The Experiences of Measuring
and Monitoring Poverty in Ethiopia. Paper for the inaugural meeting of
the Poverty Analysis and Data Initiative (PADI) held on May 6-8 in Mombassa,
Kenya; Addis Ababa May 30. Wondimu, Habtamu (2001): Some Comments on the Education Sector Program in the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP), MEDREK, Vol. 3(3), September. Wood, Angela (2004): World Vision's experiences with the
PRSP porcess: Perspectives from Ethiopia, Senegal and Cambodia, in: World
Vision International (ed.): Rough Diamond: PRSPs and the 60th Anniversary
of the World Bank and IMF, pp. 20-24. World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (OED)/IMF Independent
Evaluation Office (IEO) (2005): The Poverty Reduction Strategy Initiative.
Findings from 10 Country Case Studies of World Bank and IMF Support. Washington
D.C. (includes Ethiopia case study) World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (OED) (2004):
OED Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) Process. Ethiopia Case
Study. Corporate Evaluation and Methods Group, Washington D.C., July 6. World Bank (2005): Poverty Reduction Support Credits: A
Stocktaking. Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS), Washington
D.C., June 24. (includes data on Ethiopia) World Bank (2004a): A Review of Poverty Reduction Strategies
- Do They Empower Stakeholders? Work in progress - draft, Poverty Reduction
Group (PREM), Washington D.C., January. (includes Ethiopia case study) World Bank (2004b): Poverty Reduction Strategies: Their Importance for Disability. Disability and Development Team, Washington D.C., July 7. World Bank (2004c): A Review of Population, Reproductive
Health, and Adolescent Health & Development in Poverty Reduction Strategies.
Population and Reproductive Health Cluster/Health Nutrition and Population
Central Unit, Washington D.C., August. (includes data on Ethiopia) World Bank (2002b): Aligning Assistance for Development
Effectiveness. Promising Country Experience. Comprehensive Development
Framework Secretariat/ Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS),
Washington D.C., February. (includes Ethiopia case study) World Development Movement (2005): Democracy and the Poverty
Reduction Strategy process: Country cases. May. (includes Ethiopia case
study). World Health Organization (2004): PRSPs: Their Significance
for Health: second synthesis report. Geneva. (includes data on Ethiopia) World Vision (2001): Submission to the Comprehensive Review
of the PRSP Approach. Policy and Advocacy Department. (includes data on
Ethiopia) Yamada, Shoko (2005): Educational Finance and Poverty Reduction:
The Cases of Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. National Graduate Institute
for Policy Studies, GRIPS Development Forum, Discussion Paper No. 8, March. Yusuf, Yasmin (2001): Some Comments on the Health Sector Coverage in the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP), MEDREK, Vol. 3(2), July. b. Background reading Al-Bagdadi, Hayer/Michael Brüntrup (2002): Microfinance
Associations. The case of the Association of Microfinance Institutions
Ethiopia (AEMFI). GTZ, Eschborn. Bevan, Philippa (2000): Poverty in Ethiopia. Discussion
paper prepared for DFID: final draft, University of Bath, November 6. Campbell, Will (1996): The Potential for Donor Mediation
in NGO-State Relations: An Ethiopian Case Study. Institute of Development
Studies (IDS), Working Paper 33, Brighton. Clark, Jeffrey (2000): Civil Society, NGOs, and Development
in Ethiopia. A Snapshot View. World Bank, June. Connolly, Eileen (2005): Women's representation in national
parliaments in Sub-Saharan Africa: an ideational framework for investigation.
Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University, Working Papers
in International Studies 2005/2. Gebre-Egziabher, Sisay (2002): The Role of Civil Society
Organisations in Democratisation Process in Ethiopia. Paper Presented
at the Fifth International Conference of the International Society for
the Third-Sector Research (ISTR), University of Cape Town, July 7-10. Geda, Alemayehu (2004): Does Conflict Explain Ethiopa's
Backwardness? Yes! And Significantly. Paper presented at Making Peace
Work Conference at WIDER, Helsinki, Finland. Lautze, Sue et al. (2003): Risk and Vulnerability in Ethiopia:
Learning from the Past, Responding to the Present, Preparing for the Future.
A Report for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), June. Mebrahtu, Esther (2005): Ethiopian Women's Participation.
The Reality of NGO Gender Policy in Practice. INTRAC, Ontrac 29, January
29. Mebrahtu, Esther (2004): Putting Policy into Practice: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation in Ethiopia. INTRAC. May. Nord, Antonie K. (1999): Politische Partizipation in einer blockierten Demokratie. Das Beispiel Äthiopien. Hamburg Rahmato, Dessalegn (undated): Think Tanks in Ethiopia? Sahleyesus, Daniel/Michaela von Freyhold (2002): Does the
North-South cooperation of NGOs contribute towards Structural Stability
and Conflict Prevention in African Societies? The Case of Ethiopia. Sundberg, Mark (2005): Absorptive Capacity and Achieving
the MDGs: The Case of Ethiopia. Preliminary Draft, March. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MOFED)/United
Nations Country Team Ethiopia (2004): Millennium Development Goals Report:
Challenges and Prospects for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, March. Vaughan, Sarah/Kjetil Tronvoll (2004): The Culture of Power
in Contemporary Ethiopian Political Life. Swedish Agency for International
Development Cooperation (SIDA), SIDA studies no. 10. Zewede, Bahru/Siegfried Pausewang (eds.) (2003): Ethiopia: The Challenge of Democracy from Below. Forum for Social Studies/Transaction Publishers. 4.4 Links to stakeholders involved a. PRSP Christian Relief and Development Association (CRDA) - PRSP
process http://www.crdaethiopia.org/PRSP/prspngo.htm and: Poverty Action Network of Civil Society in Ethiopia (PANE) Forum on Social Studies (FSS) Development Assistance Group (DAG) - Support for PRSP/MDG Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute (EEPRI) Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MOFED) The Parliament of Ethiopia Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce Association of Ethiopian Microfinance Institutions (AEMFI) Christian Relief and Development Association (CRDA) Development Policy Management Forum, Addis Ababa Ethiopian Economic Association Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development
(EIIPC) Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and
Southern Africa (OSSREA) Women Support Organization (WSO) Directory of Development Organizations (national / international) c. Donors / International actors Aid Harmonization & Alignment Iniatiative - Ethiopia
country profile Ethiopia Consultative Group (CG) Meeting Ethiopia Development Assistance Group (DAG) International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Ethiopia country profile World Bank - Ethiopia country profile United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - Ethiopia country
office Directory of Development Organizations (national / international) AllAfrica.com - Ethiopa news EthoIndex - Ethiopian news search engine Development Gateway International Crisis Group (ICG) - Ethiopia/Eritrea country
profile Freedom House - Ethiopia country profile The Eldis Gateway to development information provides a comprehensive and up-to-date country website that can be accessed at http://www.eldis.org/africa/index.htm A further comprehensive collection of web links can be found
at Stanford University: 4.6 General links that also provide country-specific information European Network on Debt and Development (Eurodad) International Monetary Fund (IMF) The World Bank Group Paris Club Source : www.prsp-watch.de (September 2005) © German Version: VENRO |
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